The artist Frans Post made a number of images of Brazilian landscapes based on his stay there in the 1640s. It is unlikely that this particular painting was made in situ, but is based off of his experiences. It should thus be understood as a romanticization of a Brazilian village rather than a straightforward historical document.
Image source: https://www.rct.uk/collection/403542/a-village-in-brazil
QUILOMBO DOS PALMARES AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY BRAZIL 